I’d like to address an argument that I hear often about the credibility of the bible. Many people assert that the bible’s credibility about so many events (such as fulfilled prophesies, the life/death/resurrection of Jesus, etc) is non substantial because there exist few extra-biblical sources of these alleged supernatural events. Not to say that the historical events in the bible didn’t happen, i.e. the Jewish exile from Jerusalem. But to use the prophesies made in the bible to prove events recorded later in the same work is considered by many a circular argument. In other words, using the bible to prove itself is a weak argument.
However I would like to present this idea. The bible itself is not one book, but a collection of 66 different books, written by 44 different authors, over a period of 1500-2000 years. It is a compilation of volumes assembled into one book over a period of time, first the Old Testament as the standard Jewish bible before the birth of Jesus, and later the New Testament about 400 years later due to the efforts of the Roman emperor Constantine, the council of Nicaea, etc. I believe if one book asserts a certain bit of information, and a different book written by a different author in a different time period verifies that information, that is a valid comparison.
That would be like people claiming the same facts in different issues of Time Magazine, written by different authors decades apart, are not substantial because they both appeared in Time Magazine. Assembling the books into a compilation doesn’t discredit the information one bit.
And if you’re wondering about the variations of the text that could have taken place over time (mistranslations, deliberate editing, the game of telephone that changes as the story is re-told a thousand times), after studying much about the ancient Jewish culture, it seems this is considerably unlikely or virtually non-existent. The ancient Hebrews took their culture very seriously – and very meticulously. Before the texts were actually written down and were passed on by word of mouth, it was frowned upon to alter the core of the story in any way. Slight details and nuances were acceptable to change, depending on the characteristics of the storyteller, but the core work was always intentionally kept intact. And they had their entire population telling the same stories, so any variations would have been noted and corrected simply by the vast amounts of people who already knew the correct story.
And once the text was finally written down in the original Hebrew or Aramaic (Old testament) or original Greek (New testament), only the most educated scribes were tasked with meticulously transcribing every character. And the review process was exhaustive, so that there was a near 100% accuracy of each new text. Even if one character was found to be erroneous, the entire text was thrown out and destroyed. Not to mention that every time the endless oceans of Middle Eastern sand cough up an older version of any part of the bible, the accuracy compared to the previously older versions is near 100%.
So with all that, I think that it is a valid argument to use different books of the bible, written by different authors at different time periods, to prove facts or assertions also found within the bible.
Friday, February 18, 2011
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I think the editing problem is still bad, but there exists a worse one: "The Bible" that's popular with Christians today leaves out dozens of books - some contain text that "confirm" other bible stories, and some flat-out contradict them.
ReplyDeleteThat's the other big issue here - if you're going to use the bible to prove other parts of the bible, then be honest enough to recognize that there are gross inconsistencies between different books/translations/versions, and you can't just call it all correct "because it's the bible". Picking and choosing your Christianity (and leaving contradictions/inconsistencies out of discussion) is a hallmark of apologetics.
A few important notes and corrections...
ReplyDeleteYes the books in the Bible were written by different people in different times by there are two VERY important things you are forgetting about. First off they were not written independently, writers of later scriptures were very familiar with the earlier writings. I never met the person who wrote Alice In Wonderland but I could still write a book that is almost identical.
Secondly you must remember that there were not simply just 66 books and those books were inserted into the Bible. No, there is a massive amount of books/scriptures and only a small selection were chosen to be in the cannon. Part of the selecting process included the selecting of books that looked like they agreed and the discarding of books that disagreed greatly. I could toss 200 pennies up in the air, remove all the ones that landed tails and say, "Hey look, all 66 pennies landed heads! Ain't that amazing!"
As for "virtually no alterations" you are very off.
First off, before the stories were written down they were passed on via oral tradition as you mentioned. Thanks to archeology we know that such beliefs changed greatly by the time that people started writing the stories down. For example, the earliest Hebrews like Abraham were pagans and worshiped multiple gods. The head god Yahweh even had a wife named Asherah who was also worshiped by the early Hebrews. Digging in Kuntillet Ajrud and Khirbet el-Qôm show statues and tombs dedicated to both gods. Quick note, Asherah was adapted from the Canaanite mythology where she was the wife of the head god El. Yahweh (YHWH) was also an adaption of a Canaanite god named YHW and became the head god of the new Hebrew mythology where Asherah was seen as his wife, not El's.
And as far as written scriptures goes a great deal of changes have in fact been made. For example, the entire story of Jesus and the adulteress in John 7:53-8:12 was added, it is not in any of the earliest gospels of John. It is not in the two 3rd century papyrus witnesses to John (P66 and P75) nor is it in the 4th century Codex Sinaiticus or Codex Vaticanus. The writing style is also very different from what is found in the rest of John and includes a large number of words and phrases that are alien to the gospel. The story was actually added and snuck into the Bible some time during the late 4th century or early 5th century to make Jesus and the Bible appear more appealing.
The ascension of Jesus up to Heaven also does not actually appear in the original forms of any of the gospels. It was not until 200 years after the supposed event took place that the ascension was added to later copies of Mark and Luke. Mark originally ends with the discovery of an empty tomb. Mathew and John remain to have no mention of the ascension into heaven. None of the earliest scriptures that we have such as the Alexandrian Unical Mss, Vaticanus, and Sinaiticus have versus Mark 9-20, they all just end at 16:8.
continued...
ReplyDeleteYou stated, "Not to mention that every time the endless oceans of Middle Eastern sand cough up an older version of any part of the bible, the accuracy compared to the previously older versions is near 100%." This is not factual at all. Just take a look at the Codex Sinaiticus, the oldest known copy of the Bible. In one passage of the Codex, Jesus is said to be "angry" as he healed a leper, whereas the modern text records him as healing with "compassion". There are also no words of forgiveness from the cross, Jesus does not say "Father forgive them for they know not what they do".
Also it is important to remember that what books were part of the Bible was constantly changing until the 19th century invention of the printing press. The previously mentioned Codex Sinaiticus contains two "extra" books in the New Testament. One is the little-known Shepherd of Hermas, written in Rome in the 2nd Century - the other, the Epistle of Barnabas. The Bible has been canonized many times throughout history. Here are some books that were once accepted into the Bible then later rejected and vice versa.
Books that were once rejected but are now accepted
Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation
Books that were once accepted but are now rejected
Shepherd of Hermas, Epistle of Barnabas, 1 Clement, 2 Clement, Paul's Epistle to Laodiceans, Apostolic Constitutions
One more thing.
Okay, this next note is not important to what you wrote about but is still good to know...
The cannon of Christian scriptures by emperor Constantine at the council of Nicaea was the first major cannon which influenced other cannons and established creeds worshiped today BUT that cannonization of scriptures did not lead to the Bible we have today. Think of it like a family tree, the Nicaea cannon is on one of the early branches but not on the branch which modern Bibles stem from.
- Joe